Often, instructors must improvise and adapt to the existing circumstances in order to incorporate quality instructional aids, Some of the most common and economical aids are chalk or marker boards, and supplemental print materials, including charts, diagrams, and graphs. Prior planning and rehearsal will help determine the important points and concepts that should be stressed, either during the presentation or as part of a summary. When the instructor points to each part of the model while explaining these relationships, the students can better understand the mechanical principles involved. by Some models are solid and show only the outline of the object they portray, while others can be manipulated or operated, Although a model may not be a realistic copy of an actual piece of equipment, it can be used effectively in explaining operating principles of various types of equipment. At times, instructors may feel that they are doing more one-on-one instruction than in a normal classroom setting, but repetitive forms of teaching may be accomplished by computer. A typical system consists of a CD or DVD and a computer. The training record can be reviewed and the students training status easily assessed in case the student transfers to another school or instructor, Another example of enhanced, instructor-oriented material for pilot training is a maneuvers guide or handbook which includes the PTS as an integral part of the description of maneuvers and procedures. [Figure 4-2] This topic is discussed in detail in Chapter 5, Assessment, While many of the characteristics of effective instructors discussed in the previous paragraphs hold true for any instructor, the aviation instructor has the added responsibility of molding an aviation citizena pilot or maintenance technician the instructor feels confident will be an asset to the rest of the aviation community. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: 14. The area of the picture or object is limited to approximately 10 inches by 10 inches, Items which may be projected are practically limitless. Conditions and criteria should be refined as necessary. While researching, the instructor should always be alert for ideas on the best way to tailor a lesson for a particular group of students. Errors in grammar and vulgarisms detract from an instructors dignity and insult the intelligence of the students, If the subject matter includes technical terms, the instructor should clearly define each one so that no student is in doubt about its meaning. Likewise, it would be unfair to expect a maintenance student to safely and properly perform a compression check on an aircraft engine if the student received only e-learning, Along with the many types of e-learning, there are a variety of terms used to describe the educational use of the computer. nira rodeo standings 2021 10, Jun, 2022. country mart warsaw, mo weekly ad; For example, the instructor in the opening scenario is an aviation maintenance SME, Effective instructors are not only knowledgeable about aviation, they are also knowledgeable about teaching. Another example is dead reckoning, which forces pilots to be aware of there surroundings at all times. This topic is explored more thoroughly in hapter 9, Professional Development, Management skills generally include the ability to plan, organize, lead, and supervise. Throughout the time the instructor prepares the students for their discussion, they should be made aware of the lesson objective(s). For example, the specific words, "a leak in the fuel line" tell more than the general term "mechanical defect", Another way the instructor can add life to the lecture is to vary his or her tone of voice and pace of speaking. Distance learning also may be defined as a system and process that connects students with resources for learning. Furthermore, the skill or behavior described should be logical and within the overall instructional plan, Conditions are necessary to specifically explain the rules under which the skill or behavior is demonstrated. Since charts may consist of a series of single sheets or be tied together in a flip-chart format with several pages, the location and handling of them should be planned in advance, A graph is a symbolic drawing which shows relationships or makes comparisons. Since most aviation training is at the understanding level of learning or higher, questions should require students to grasp concepts, explain similarities and differences, and to infer cause-and-effect relationships, Planning a guided discussion is similar to planning a lecture. For example, a program may indicate, "That was incorrect. It is important that students be given an opportunity to perform the skill as soon as possible after a demonstration. Likewise, military pilots use flight training devices or flight simulators to prepare for flying aircraft, such as the A-10, for which there are no two-seat training versions. This usually involves the term behavioral objective, although it may be referred to as a performance, instructional, or educational objective. If it is confusing to one person, it will be confusing to others and should be corrected, Criteria are the standards that measure the accomplishment of the objective. In these examples, the student leader or the instructor serves as a coach or facilitator who interacts with the group, as necessary, to keep it on track or to encourage everyone in the group to participate, Best used for the mastery of mental or physical skills that require practice, the demonstration-performance method is based on the principle that people "learn by doing." SBT trained participants demonstrated the same skills and knowledge as the maneuver-based trained participants, but the maneuvers were practiced in the context of a scenario. The body of the lecture follows with a summary of the lectures main points at the end, The teaching lecture is favored by aviation instructors because it allows some active participation by the students. He is flying the four of them to the "big" football game. Instructors should also try to prepare students for viewing CD/DVD programs by telling them what to watch carefully, what is important or, possibly, what is incorrect. On the other hand, CAL is a useful tool for aviation instructors. [Figure 4-4], The description of the skill or behavior explains the desired outcome of the instruction. A curriculum for a pilot school usually includes courses for the various pilot certificates and ratings, while the curriculum for an aviation maintenance technician (AMT) addresses the subject areas described in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 147. In the discussion, the instructor should be certain that the main points discussed build logically with the objective. They also tend to watch movies or TV in a passive way without attempting to absorb what they are seeing and hearing. A model is even more effective if it works like the original, and if it can be taken apart and reassembled. As indicated in chapter 2, standards for the level of learning in the cognitive and psychomotor domains are easily established. This, coupled with culturally diverse backgrounds of todays students, makes it necessary for instructors to be precise in their choice of terminology. Within seconds, what is perceived as the most important information is passed to the working or short-term memory where it is processed for possible storage in the long-term memory. If a desired capability is to navigate from point A to point B, the objective as stated is not specific enough for all students to do it in the same way. Terms such as "knowledge of " and "awareness of " cannot be measured very well, and words like this should be avoided. The instructor needs to keep up with the discussion and know when to intervene with questions or redirect the groups focus. Content validity means that a particular maneuver or procedure closely mimics what is required. Just as the technician uses some tools more than others, the instructor uses some methods more often than others. An effective instructor understands what can be realistically achieved within the allotted time, makes the best use of the time available, allows enough time for what must be done, preserves contingency time to handle the unexpected, and minimizes stress by not planning too much for the allotted time, Management skills also come into play for the aviation instructor who is teaching a class of students. Research has shown that learning is an active processthe more involved students are in the process, the better they learn. A. similarity between the idea transmitted and the idea received. Whether working as an individual instructor or employed by a flight or maintenance school, the instructor must ensure that each student accomplishes a number of important benchmarks. Sometimes, in the process of writing the objective, a difficulty is encountered. Care must be taken to display only a small amount of material and to make the material as simple but meaningful as possible, Numerous other useful print items may be considered as supplemental training aids. Confusion, disinterest, and uneasiness on the part of the student could happen as a result of not knowing the. ), Select a topic the students can profitably discuss. The student displays whatever competence has been attained, and the instructor discovers just how well the skill has been learned. The actual training requirements are based in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and other publications used by designated pilot and maintenance examiners when they conduct practical tests. The primary consideration in the lecture method, as in all other teaching methods, is the achievement of desired learning outcomes. Since the material projected requires no special preparation, the cost is very low. Be certain of what is to be communicated, Gather the necessary data by researching for support material, Organize the material into an outline or a lesson plan. He has turned this knowledge into practical knowledge utilized in the teaching process. If it is a classroom presentation, the student may be asked to explain the new material. The steps in Figure 4-6 form a guideline for lesson presentation. This change is measurable and therefore can be assessed, Assessment of learning is a complex process and it is important to be clear about the purposes of the assessment. Well-designed programs allow students to feel as if they are in control of what they are learning and how fast they learn it. The main advantages are less time spent on instruction compared to traditional classroom training, and higher levels of mastery and retention, Distance learning, or the use of electronic media to deliver instruction when the instructor and student are separated, is another advantage to e-learning. Understanding these distinctions helps the instructor become a more skilled user of questions, The instructor often uses a question to open up an area for discussion. The chapter begins with practical strategies flight instructors can use to enhance their instruction, the demonstration-performance training delivery method of flight instruction, integrated flight instruction, positive exchange of flight controls, use of distractions, obstacles to learning encountered during flight training, and how to evaluate An important factor is chart format. [Figure 4-12] E-learning comes in many formats. Blocks for instructor endorsements also may be included at appropriate points. When properly used, they help gain and hold the attention of students. The instructor must provide opportunities for students to practice and, at the same time, make sure that this process is directed toward a learning objective, A successful instructor needs to be familiar with as many teaching methods as possible. The pilot did not report any mechanical deficiencies with the airplane during the attempted approaches. Clearly defined training objectives that the student understands are essential to the teaching process regardless of the teaching technique used, Research into how people learn has led many experts to recommend ways to present lessons that keep the attention of a class. An effective instructor uses a combination of teaching methods as well as instructional aids to achieve this goal. This allows the student to make decisions that fit his or her experience level and result in positive outcomes. For the flight instructor, this may entail overseeing the preflight procedures. For the independent instructor setting, the instructor may need to select and prepare instructional aids. The instructor must, therefore, allot enough time for meaningful student activity. Major airlines have highlevel flight simulators that are so realistic that transitioning crews meet all qualifications in the flight simulator. The guided discussion has three main parts: introduction, discussion, and conclusion. SBT is a powerful tool because the future is unpredictable and there is no way to train a pilot for every combination of events that may happen in the future, Should promote situational awareness and opportunities for decision-making, Collaboration (two or more people working together) to solve problems has been used throughout time. He also made sure the computer and projector were in working order. In most instructional situations, the instructors explanation and demonstration activities are alternated with student performance efforts. Effective use of drill and practice revolves around knowing what skill is being developed. Rehearsals, or dry runs, help smooth out the mechanics of using notes, visual aids, and other instructional devices. By symbolizing the factors involved, it is even possible to visualize abstract relationships, Instructors are frequently asked to teach more and more in a smaller time frame. Many of the limitations of the overhead projector are also true of the opaque projector, CDs and DVDs are todays popular video instructional aids. Decision-based training objectives allow for a more dynamic training environment and are ideally suited to scenario type training. FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS Applicants for the Flight Instructor Rating shall demonstrate their knowledge by writing Transport Canada multiple choice examinations on the subjects contained in this guide. In addition, FAA inspectors and designated examiners have found that student applicants often exhibit a lack of knowledge during oral questioning, even though many have easily passed the FAA knowledge test. In addition, since each domain includes several educational or skill levels, training objectives may easily be adapted to a specific performance level of knowledge or skill. True performance as a professional is based on study and. All refer to the same thing, the behavior of the student, These objectives provide a way of stating what performance level is desired of a student before the student is allowed to progress to the next stage of instruction. On the fifth approach, at five miles from the runway, the pilot stated that both engines quit due to fuel exhaustion. B. want to escape from frustrating situations. For example, Bob lectures in the opening scenario, but after giving the students knowledge of how to compute weight and balance, he uses group learning to reinforce the lecture. For example, a laboratorytype environment may be configured with separate study areas for each student. Keep in mind that it takes time to recall data, determine how to answer, or to think of an example, The more difficult the question, the more time the students need to answer. The instructors success is determined to a large degree by the ability to organize material and to select and utilize a teaching method appropriate to a particular lesson, Application is student use of the instructors presented material. This is a useful technique for displaying dial indications or fitting several parts of a component together so relative motion can be simulated, With any projection equipment, instructors should ensure the projector does not obstruct the students line of sight. In some school situations, the designers of the curriculum determine the use of instructional aids. In addition, the Certificated Flight Instructor (CFI) needs to remember he or she is teaching a pilot who should: Seek proficiency in control of the aircraft. The scale model represents an exact reproduction of the original, while simplified models do not represent reality in all details. The capability to stop, freeze, and replay information is helpful for both instructors and students. Fig. In addition, instructors should be available to summarize the presentation and answer any questions students may have regarding content, "Interactive" refers broadly to computer software that responds quickly to certain choices and commands by the user. Another use of computers would allow students to review procedures at their own pace while the instructor is involved in hands-on training with other students. Communication, discussed in Chapter 3, Effective Communication, underlies people skills. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. This type of summary is one of the most effective tools available to the instructor. Everyone has the opportunity to comment, listen, think, and participate. Within a single period, the instructor may unwittingly present more information than students can absorb, and the lecture method provides no accurate means of checking student progress, Many instructors find it difficult to hold the attention of all students in a lecture throughout the class period. For example, there are several types of lectures, such as the illustrated talk where the speaker relies heavily on visual aids to convey ideas to the listeners. If it is a new flight maneuver, the student may be asked to perform the maneuver that has just been demonstrated. It is important for instructors to remember: Technical knowledge is useless if the instructor fails to communicate it effectively, The two-way process of effective communication means actively listening to the student, as well as teaching him or her, In the previous scenario, Bob uses the guided group discussion period to listen to his students discuss the weight and balance problem. As noted earlier, a PTS already has many of the elements needed to formulate performance-based objectives. Open-ended questions of the type used in guided discussion lend themselves readily to concepts of risk management and ADM. Instructional aids should also be reviewed to determine whether their use is feasible in the training environment and whether they are appropriate for the students. Many of these items are suitable for long-term use on bulletin boards and in briefing areas. Developing good problems that motivate, focus, and initiate student learning are an important component of PBL. For example, inserting conditions narrows the objective as follows: "Using sectional charts, a flight computer, and Cessna 172, navigate from point A to point B while maintaining standard hemispheric altitudes." A course of training also may be limited to something like the additional training required for operating high-performance airplanes, Other terms closely associated with a course of training include curriculum, syllabus, and training course outline. Such syllabi not only present the course of training in a logical step-by-step, building block sequence, they contain provisions to remind both students and instructors of critical regulatory training benchmarks which are approaching. They should be considered as a supplement to instructor-led training, Electronic communications, including use of computer databases, voice mail, e-mail, Internet, World Wide Web, and satellite-based, wireless communications, are routine and this explosion of information access affects aviation training. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecte adipi. The planning should take into consideration the wind conditions, arrival paths, communication procedures, available runways, recommended traffic patterns, and courses of action in the event the unexpected occurs. Consider the continued expansion of technical terminology in everyday usage. In addition, using sentences of different length helps, since consistent use of short sentences results in a choppy style. Students can answer the second question by merely saying "Denver," but the first question is likely to start a discussion of air density, engine efficiency, and the effect of temperature on performance, It is the instructors responsibility to help students prepare themselves for the discussion. Generally, the syllabus contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards. research. For an instructor who tends to ramble, notes are a must because they help keep the lecture on track.
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